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    [IO] introduce emper::io a IO subsystem using io_uring · 460c2f05
    Florian Fischer authored
    Empers IO design is based on a proactor pattern where each worker
    can issue IO requests through its exclusive IoContext object which wraps an
    io_uring instance.
    
    IO completions are reaped at 4 places:
    1. After a submit to collect inline completions
    2. Before dispatching a new Fiber
    3. When no new IO can be submitted because the completion queue is full
    4. And by a global completer thread which gets notified about completions
       on worker IoContexts through registered eventfds
    
    All IO requests are modeled as Future objects which can be either
    instantiated and submitted manually, retrieved by POSIX-like non-blocking
    or implicitly used by posix-like blocking functions.
    
    User facing API is exported in the following headers:
    * emper/io.hpp (POSIX-like)
    * emper.h (POSIX-like)
    * emper/io/Future.hpp
    
    Catching short write/reads/sends and resubmitting the request without
    unblocking the Fiber is supported.
    
    Using AlarmFuture objects Fibers have a emper-native way to sleep for
    a given time.
    
    IO request timeouts with TimeoutWrapper class.
    Request Cancellation is supported with Future::cancel() or the
    CancelWrapper() Future class.
    
    A proactor design demands that buffers are committed to the kernel
    as long as the request is active. To guaranty memory safety Futures
    get canceled in their Destructor which will only return after the committed
    memory is free to use.
    
    Linking Futures to chains is supported using the Future::SetDependency()
    method. Future are submitted when their last Future gets submitted.
    A linked Request will start if the previous has finished.
    Error or partial completions will cancel the not started tail of a chain.
    
    TODO: Handle possible situations where the CQ of the global completer is full
    and no more sqe can be submitted to the SQ.
    460c2f05