diff --git a/presentation/presentation.tex b/presentation/presentation.tex
index a11ca500d8e5ed22b37bc35f698ee9768b90c5e7..499027e5c0e8c2ecbfd17d25ed945b4cb79a2d83 100644
--- a/presentation/presentation.tex
+++ b/presentation/presentation.tex
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
\documentclass[aspectratio=169]{beamer}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+\usepackage{booktabs}
+\usepackage{listings}
+\lstset{
+ basicstyle=\footnotesize\ttfamily,
+}
\usetheme{metropolis} % Use metropolis theme
@@ -64,7 +69,9 @@
\end{quote}
\end{frame}
-\section Introduction
+%% DEMO ENDS HERE
+
+\section{Introduction}
\begin{frame}{What is Bitcoin?}
\begin{quote}
@@ -76,35 +83,278 @@
\begin{quote}
Much of the trust in Bitcoin comes from the fact that it requires no trust at all. Bitcoin is fully open-source and decentralized.
% This means that anyone has access to the entire source code at any time. Any developer in the world can therefore verify exactly how Bitcoin works. All transactions and bitcoins issued into existence can be transparently consulted in real-time by anyone. All payments can be made without reliance on a third party and the whole system is protected by heavily peer-reviewed cryptographic algorithms like those used for online banking.
- \emph{No organization or individual can control Bitcoin, and the network remains secure even if not all of its users can be trusted.}
+ No organization or individual can control Bitcoin, and the network remains secure even if not all of its users can be trusted.
\end{quote}
-
-- Bitcoin FAQ
+ %% TODO: BibTex
+
\pause
How is this possible?
\end{frame}
-\begin{frame}{Proof Of Work}
+\begin{frame}{Byzantine Generals Problem}
+ % To understand how this challenge can be solved, we first need to understand the problem more clearly.
+
+ A group of generals siege an enemy city. The generals need to agree on whether to attack the city or retreat.
+
+ % Some generals may prefer to attack, other may want to retreat.
+
+ The \emph{distributed} generals need to coordinate. It is important that every general agrees on the decision and follows through, otherwise the lose.
+
+ % To make things a bit more complicated:
+
+ Some generals are traitorous, who may not only cast a vote for a suboptimal strategy, they may do so selectively. For instance, if nine generals are voting, four of whom support attacking while four others are in favor of retreat, the ninth general may send a vote of retreat to those generals in favor of retreat, and a vote of attack to the rest. Those who received a retreat vote from the ninth general will retreat, while the rest will attack (which may not go well for the attackers). The problem is complicated further by the generals being physically separated and having to send their votes via messengers who may fail to deliver votes or may forge false votes.
+
+ Byzantine fault tolerance can be achieved if the loyal (non-faulty) generals have a majority agreement on their strategy.
+
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{Byzantine Generals Problem}
+
+ % To map this practical problem onto computer systems:
+
+ Generals are Computers
+
+ Messengers are digital communication systems
+
+ % Can not only be solved by cryptography, due to the fact that the messages need to be sent to multiple receivers
\end{frame}
\section{Proof Of Work}
+\begin{frame}
+ % This is the problem solved by the proof of work technique first described by
+ % Satoshi Nakamoto in his paper ``Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System'' in 2009.
+
+ % TODO: IMAGE TITLEPAGE Bitcoin / FAU?
+
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{Concept}
+
+ % He described the basic algorithm nicely in his paper:
+
+ \begin{quote}
+ The proof-of-work involves scanning for a value that when hashed, such as with SHA-256, the hash begins with a number of zero bits. The average work required is exponential in the number of zero bits required and can be verified by executing a single hash.
+ \end{quote}
+
+ \begin{quote}
+ [The block's nonce is incremented] until a value is found that gives the block's hash the required zero bits. Once the CPU effort has been expended to make it satisfy the proof-of-work, the block cannot be changed without redoing the work. As later blocks are chained after it, the work to change the block would include redoing all the blocks after it.
+ \end{quote}
+
+ % TODO: Add BibTex cite (Satoshi Nakamoto Bitcoin Whitepaper)
+
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Block Header Structure}
+ \begin{lstlisting}[language=C]
+type blockHeader struct {
+ version [4]byte // block version
+ prevBlockHeaderHash [32]byte // SHA256 hash of previous block's header
+ merkleRootHash [32]byte // SHA256 hash of merkle tree root
+ time uint32 // unix time
+ bits uint32 // target difficulty
+ nonce uint32 // this is where the fun begins
+}
+// Total: 80 bytes
+ \end{lstlisting}
+
+ % TODO: include bitcoin-block-hashing graphic
+
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Block Mining}
+
+ \begin{lstlisting}[language=C]
+uint32 hash = 1
+myBlock = (blockHeader)
+while (hash > myBlock.target) {
+ hash = sha256(sha256(myBlock))
+ myBlock.nonce++
+ // Note: might need to update prevBlockHeaderHash,
+ // merkleRootHash, time and/or bits
+}
+print("Heureka!")
+// publish blocks to other nodes
+ \end{lstlisting}
+
+ Bitcoin uses ``SHA256 function squared'', due to the birthday attacks on the smaller but related SHA1 hash. SHA1's resistance to birthday attacks has been partially broken as shown by Google (SHAttered)
+
+% TODO: BibTex cite https://security.googleblog.com/2017/02/announcing-first-sha1-collision.html
+
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{Mining}
+ Why are they doing it?
+
+ % I'm presenting:
+ \pause
+
+ \alert{Bitcoin Mining Business 101}:
+
+ \pause
+
+ \begin{equation*}
+ Profit = Reward - Cost
+ \end{equation*}
+
+ \pause
+
+ \begin{equation*}
+ Reward = Block Reward + Transaction Fees
+ \end{equation*}
+
+ \pause
+
+ \begin{equation*}
+ Cost = Hardware Cost + Operating Costs
+ \end{equation*}
+
+ \pause
+
+ \begin{equation*}
+ \implies Profit = Block Reward + Transaction Fees - Hardware Cost - Operating Costs \overset{!}{\gg} 0
+ \end{equation*}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+ % we have already talked about block reward and transaction fees in previous presentations,
+ % therefore I'm continuing directly with the Hardware Costs
+\begin{frame}{Mining Hardware}
+
+ \begin{table}
+ \begin{tabular}{@{} lr @{}}
+ \toprule
+ Hardware & Hashing Power\\
+ \midrule
+ CPU & 25 MH/s\\
+ GPU & 500 MH/s\\
+ FPGA & 10,000 MH/s\\
+ ASIC & 14,000,000 MH/s\\
+ \bottomrule
+
+ % TODO: BibTex cite The fair cost of Bitcoin proof of work - Tomaso Aste
+ \end{tabular}
+ \end{table}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{ASIC}
+ % Bitcoin mining on commodity hardware has been unprofitable for years,
+ % nowadays Application Specific Integrated Circuits (short ASICs) are used
+ % one of the most powerful systems (as of December 2017)
+ % Note: this is not a single chip, but rather a complete unit,
+ % only requiring a (hefty) power supply unit
+
+ \begin{table}
+ \begin{tabular}{@{} lr @{}}
+ \toprule
+ Bitmain Antminer S9 Specs\\
+
+ \midrule
+ Hash Rate & 13.5 TH/s\\
+ Power Consumption & 1300W\\
+ Power Efficiency & 0.098 J/GH\\
+ Lithography Process & 16nm\\ % (most efficient ASIC miner to date)
+ Price & 1500 Euro\\
+ %TODO: fix LaTex euro sign
+ \bottomrule
+ % TODO: Bibtex cite ANTMINER S9
+ \end{tabular}
+ \end{table}
+
+ % TODO: [pics here]
+\end{frame}
+
+% As we have just seen, Bitcoin mining hardware requires power (i.e. electricity) - lots of it...
\section{Energy Usage of PoW}
+\begin{frame}{Bitcoin Network}
+ Some Stats:
+
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{Online Calculators}
+...
+\end{frame}
+
\section{Alternative Consensus Methods}
+\begin{frame}{Proof Of Useful Work}
+
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{Proof Of Stake}
+
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{Proof Of Space / Storage}
+
+\end{frame}
+
\begin{frame}{Proof Of Authority}
\begin{quote}
Proof-of-Authority basiert auf einem Diktatorknoten, der vorgibt, was richtig ist. Sehr schlicht, sehr einfach, sehr effizient.
\end{quote}
-Christoph Jentzsch (Slock.it)
+ -- Christoph Jentzsch (Slock.it)
+
+ BDEW Blockchain in der Energiewirtschaft
+
+ % TODO: BibTex cite
+
+Not applicable for public, distributed blockchains
+
+Requires trusted network (e.g. cloud infrastructure)
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{Proof Of Burn}
+
+\end{frame}
+
+\section{Conclusion}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ Bitcoin (and in particular Proof Of Work) solves a \emph{really} hard problem: establishing trust between largely anonymous parties without requiring trust.
+
+ \pause
+
+ As Tomaso Atse, from the University College London Centre for Blockchain Technologies, wrote in his paper ``The fair cost of Bitcoin proof of work'':
+ \begin{quote}
+I conclude that the current cost, although large, is of a justified order of magnitude for an anonymous systems operating between untrustful parties.
+ \end{quote}
+
+ %TODO BibTex cite
-BDEW Blockchain in der Energiewirtschaft
\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}{Personal Thoughts}
+ I don't think Bitcoin can scale indefinitely with Proof Of Work. Looking at the current size of the Blockchain is just one example. Furthermore, I consider it highly unlikely for Bitcoin to switch away from Proof Of Work to an alternative consensus mechanism.
+
+ \pause
+
+ However, Cryptocurrencies and Blockchains are here to stay, anyway. It would come close to a miracle, if the first major iteration of this concept (i.e. Bitcoin) were free of issues. These will be corrected and solved in further iterations of the concepts (e.g. Ethereum and many others).
+
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+
+ Raw Source Material and Resources available at:
+
+ \begin{center}\url{git.cubieserver.de/jh/seminar-blockchain}\end{center}
+
+\end{frame}
+
+%% \begin{frame}[allowframebreaks]{References}
+
+%% \bibliography{demo}
+%% \bibliographystyle{abbrv}
+
+%% \end{frame}
+
\end{document}
diff --git a/research.md b/research.md
index 00e4189235bd702f2850fda87e92893d257d51a9..d9eab687914af6b70942f9aa6fa529f7a8c927ca 100644
--- a/research.md
+++ b/research.md
@@ -179,3 +179,7 @@ This equates to 2.54 million GJ/year, and 424,725 tonnes of CO2/year.
At $100/MWh, this electricity would cost $70,712,000/year.
----
+
+Bitcoin Colors: http://www.color-hex.com/color-palette/4955
+
+Bitcoin Logo: https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Promotional_graphics
diff --git a/resources/FAU-Siegel-Transparent-PNG-RGB.png b/resources/FAU-Siegel-Transparent-PNG-RGB.png
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diff --git a/resources/bitcoin-block-hashing.png b/resources/bitcoin-block-hashing.png
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/resources/bitcoin-block-hashing.svg b/resources/bitcoin-block-hashing.svg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e00a3c4ce41eb6eea6cc791c2351dfc38a0ed05a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resources/bitcoin-block-hashing.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
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vertical-align: top; width: 78px; white-space: nowrap; overflow-wrap: normal; text-align: center;"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:inline-block;text-align:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;"><pre><font style="font-size: 18px">Version</font></pre></div></div></foreignObject><text x="39" y="28" fill="#000000" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12px" font-family="Helvetica">[Not supported by viewer]</text></switch></g><rect x="601" y="86" width="320" height="60" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="2" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(617.5,93.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;" pointer-events="all" width="286" height="44" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.2; vertical-align: top; width: 287px; white-space: nowrap; overflow-wrap: normal; text-align: center;"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:inline-block;text-align:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;"><pre><font style="font-size: 18px">Previous Block Header Hash</font></pre></div></div></foreignObject><text x="143" y="28" fill="#000000" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12px" font-family="Helvetica"><pre><font style="font-size: 18px">Previous Block Header Hash</font></pre></text></switch></g><rect x="601" y="156" width="320" height="60" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="2" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(672.5,163.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;" pointer-events="all" width="176" height="44" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.2; vertical-align: top; width: 177px; white-space: nowrap; overflow-wrap: normal; text-align: center;"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:inline-block;text-align:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;"><pre><font style="font-size: 18px">Merkle Tree Root</font></pre></div></div></foreignObject><text x="88" y="28" fill="#000000" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12px" font-family="Helvetica"><pre><font style="font-size: 18px">Merkle Tree Root</font></pre></text></switch></g><rect x="601" y="226" width="100" height="60" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="2" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(628.5,233.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;" pointer-events="all" width="44" height="44" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.2; vertical-align: top; width: 45px; white-space: nowrap; overflow-wrap: normal; text-align: center;"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:inline-block;text-align:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;"><pre><font style="font-size: 18px">Time</font></pre></div></div></foreignObject><text x="22" y="28" fill="#000000" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12px" font-family="Helvetica">[Not supported by viewer]</text></switch></g><rect x="711" y="226" width="100" height="60" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="2" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(727.5,233.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;" pointer-events="all" width="66" height="44" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.2; vertical-align: top; width: 67px; white-space: nowrap; overflow-wrap: normal; text-align: center;"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:inline-block;text-align:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;"><pre><font style="font-size: 18px">Target</font></pre></div></div></foreignObject><text x="33" y="28" fill="#000000" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12px" font-family="Helvetica">[Not supported by viewer]</text></switch></g><rect x="821" y="226" width="100" height="60" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="2" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(843.5,233.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow:visible;" pointer-events="all" width="55" height="44" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.2; vertical-align: top; width: 56px; white-space: nowrap; overflow-wrap: normal; text-align: center;"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display:inline-block;text-align:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;"><pre><font style="font-size: 18px">Nonce</font></pre></div></div></foreignObject><text x="28" y="28" fill="#000000" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12px" font-family="Helvetica">[Not supported by viewer]</text></switch></g><image x="270.5" y="10.5" width="60" height="60" xlink:href="https://en.bitcoin.it/w/images/en/2/29/BC_Logo_.png" preserveAspectRatio="none" pointer-events="none"/><image x="860.5" y="15.5" width="60" height="60" xlink:href="https://en.bitcoin.it/w/images/en/2/29/BC_Logo_.png" preserveAspectRatio="none" pointer-events="none"/><path d="M 531 146 Q 571 146 561 131 Q 551 116 592.34 116.36" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="2" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="none"/><path d="M 598.34 116.41 L 590.3 120.34 L 592.34 116.36 L 590.37 112.34 Z" fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="2" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="none"/></g></svg>
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diff --git a/resources/bitcoin-block-hashing.xml b/resources/bitcoin-block-hashing.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..580b60c77d6aa63268da3211b6e58e16b10569a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resources/bitcoin-block-hashing.xml
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