lecture_01.tex

\section{Lecture 1}

\underline{\textbf{Von Neumann Architecture}}
\begin{enumerate}[leftmargin=*]
    \item 
        computer consists of four units\\
        \begin{tabular}{p{0.3\textwidth}p{0.3\textwidth}}
            \begin{itemize}[leftmargin=*]
                \item 
                    Control Unit
                \item
                    Logic Unit
            \end{itemize}
            &
            \begin{itemize}[leftmargin=*]
                \item
                    Memory Unit
                \item
                    Input/Output Unit
            \end{itemize}
        \end{tabular}
    \item
        computer is independent of the problem it is supposed to solve
    \item
        programs and data are located in the same memory
    \item
        main memory is divided in cells of same size, which are addressed by a consecutive number
    \item
        program consists of a sequence of instructions which are executed (mostly) in sequence
    \item
        deviations from sequential processing are possible due to conditional and unconditional jump instructions
    \item
        computer uses a binary coding scheme: numbers are represented as binary number
\end{enumerate}
\underline{\textbf{Instruction Cycles}}
\begin{enumerate}[leftmargin=*]
    \item 
        instruction fetch (IF)
    \item
        instruction decode (ID)
    \item
        operand fetch (OF)
    \item
        execution (EX)
    \item
        writing back (WB)
    \item
        address calculation (AD); often but together with IF stage
\end{enumerate}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Lectures/lecture_01/images/Instructioion_Cycle.pdf}
\underline{\textbf{Microprogramming}}
\begin{itemize}[leftmargin=*, label={}]
    \item
        Why micro programs?
        \begin{itemize}[label=\textbullet]
            \item 
                semantic gap
            \item
                memory was an expensive resource
            \item
                flexibility
        \end{itemize}
    \item
        Definitions:
        \begin{itemize}[label=\textbullet]
            \item
                \textbf{macro instruction:} is mapped onto a micro program; acts as pointer to the beginning of a micro program
            \item
               \textbf{micro program:} series of micro instructions
            \item
                \textbf{micro instruction:} control signal for circuit
        \end{itemize} 
\end{itemize}