run-command: do not pass child process data into callbacks

The expected way to pass data into the callback is to pass them via
the customizable callback pointer. The error reporting in
default_{start_failure, task_finished} is not user friendly enough, that
we want to encourage using the child data for such purposes.

Furthermore the struct child data is cleaned by the run-command API,
before we access them in the callbacks, leading to use-after-free
situations.

Signed-off-by: Stefan Beller <sbeller@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>