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    • dcashman's avatar
      cc39f637
      Split general policy into public and private components. · cc39f637
      dcashman authored
      Divide policy into public and private components.  This is the first
      step in splitting the policy creation for platform and non-platform
      policies.  The policy in the public directory will be exported for use
      in non-platform policy creation.  Backwards compatibility with it will
      be achieved by converting the exported policy into attribute-based
      policy when included as part of the non-platform policy and a mapping
      file will be maintained to be included with the platform policy that
      maps exported attributes of previous versions to the current platform
      version.
      
      Eventually we would like to create a clear interface between the
      platform and non-platform device components so that the exported policy,
      and the need for attributes is minimal.  For now, almost all types and
      avrules are left in public.
      
      Test: Tested by building policy and running on device.
      
      Change-Id: Idef796c9ec169259787c3f9d8f423edf4ce27f8c
      cc39f637
      History
      Split general policy into public and private components.
      dcashman authored
      Divide policy into public and private components.  This is the first
      step in splitting the policy creation for platform and non-platform
      policies.  The policy in the public directory will be exported for use
      in non-platform policy creation.  Backwards compatibility with it will
      be achieved by converting the exported policy into attribute-based
      policy when included as part of the non-platform policy and a mapping
      file will be maintained to be included with the platform policy that
      maps exported attributes of previous versions to the current platform
      version.
      
      Eventually we would like to create a clear interface between the
      platform and non-platform device components so that the exported policy,
      and the need for attributes is minimal.  For now, almost all types and
      avrules are left in public.
      
      Test: Tested by building policy and running on device.
      
      Change-Id: Idef796c9ec169259787c3f9d8f423edf4ce27f8c
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    <h1>ZooKeeper Java Example</h1>
    <div id="minitoc-area">
    <ul class="minitoc">
    <li>
    <a href="#ch_Introduction">A Simple Watch Client</a>
    <ul class="minitoc">
    <li>
    <a href="#sc_requirements">Requirements</a>
    </li>
    <li>
    <a href="#sc_design">Program Design</a>
    </li>
    </ul>
    </li>
    <li>
    <a href="#sc_executor">The Executor Class</a>
    </li>
    <li>
    <a href="#sc_DataMonitor">The DataMonitor Class</a>
    </li>
    <li>
    <a href="#sc_completeSourceCode">Complete Source Listings</a>
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    </div>
      
    
      
    
      
    <a name="N10009"></a><a name="ch_Introduction"></a>
    <h2 class="h3">A Simple Watch Client</h2>
    <div class="section">
    <p>To introduce you to the ZooKeeper Java API, we develop here a very simple 
        watch client. This ZooKeeper client watches a ZooKeeper node for changes 
        and responds to by starting or stopping a program.</p>
    <a name="N10012"></a><a name="sc_requirements"></a>
    <h3 class="h4">Requirements</h3>
    <p>The client has four requirements:</p>
    <ul>
    <li>
    <p>It takes as parameters:</p>
        	
    <ul>
    		
    <li>
    <p>the address of the ZooKeeper service</p>
    </li>
    		
    <li> 
    <p> a znode, by name</p>
    </li>
    		
    <li>
    <p> an executable with arguments.</p>
    </li>
    </ul>
    </li>
    	
    <li>
    <p>It fetches the data associated with the znode and starts the executable.</p>
    </li>
    	
    <li>
    <p>If the znode changes, the client refetches the contents and restarts the executable.</p>
    </li>
    	
    <li>
    <p>If the znode disappears, the client kills the executable.</p>
    </li>
    </ul>
    <a name="N1003B"></a><a name="sc_design"></a>
    <h3 class="h4">Program Design</h3>
    <p>Conventionally, ZooKeeper applications are broken into two units, one which maintains the connection, 
       and the other which monitors data.  In this application, the class called the <strong>Executor</strong> 
       maintains the ZooKeeper connection, and the class called the  <strong>DataMonitor</strong> monitors the data
       in the ZooKeeper tree. Also, Executor contains the main thread and contains the execution logic.
       It is responsible for what little user interaction there is, as well as interaction with the exectuable program you
       pass in as an argument and which the sample (per the requirements) shuts down and restarts, according to the 
       state of the znode.</p>
    </div>
    
       
    <a name="N1004C"></a><a name="sc_executor"></a>
    <h2 class="h3">The Executor Class</h2>
    <div class="section">
    <p>The Executor object is the primary container of the sample application. It contains 
        both the <strong>ZooKeeper</strong> object, <strong>DataMonitor</strong>, as described above in 
        <a href="#sc_design">Program Design</a>.  </p>
    <pre class="code">
        // from the Executor class...
        
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            if (args.length &lt; 4) {
                System.err
                        .println("USAGE: Executor hostPort znode filename program [args ...]");
                System.exit(2);
            }
            String hostPort = args[0];
            String znode = args[1];
            String filename = args[2];
            String exec[] = new String[args.length - 3];
            System.arraycopy(args, 3, exec, 0, exec.length);
            try {
                new Executor(hostPort, znode, filename, exec).run();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    
        public Executor(String hostPort, String znode, String filename,
                String exec[]) throws KeeperException, IOException {
            this.filename = filename;
            this.exec = exec;
            zk = new ZooKeeper(hostPort, 3000, this);
            dm = new DataMonitor(zk, znode, null, this);
        }
    
        public void run() {
            try {
                synchronized (this) {
                    while (!dm.dead) {
                        wait();
                    }
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            }
        }
    </pre>
    <p>
        Recall that the Executor's job is to starts and stop the executable whose name you pass in on the command line. 
        It does this in response to events fired by the ZooKeeper object. As you can see in the code above, the Executor passes
        a reference to itself as the Watcher argument in the ZooKeeper constructor. It also passes a reference to itself
        as DataMonitorListener argument to the DataMonitor constructor. Per the Executor's definition, it implements both these
        interfaces:
        </p>
    <pre class="code">
    public class Executor implements Watcher, Runnable, DataMonitor.DataMonitorListener {
    ...
        </pre>
    <p>The <strong>Watcher</strong> interface is defined by the ZooKeeper Java API.
        ZooKeeper uses it to communicate back to its container. It supports only one method, <span class="codefrag command">process()</span>, and ZooKeeper uses 
        it to communciates generic events that the main thread would be intersted in, such as the state of the ZooKeeper connection or the ZooKeeper session.The Executor 
        in this example simply forwards those events down to the DataMonitor to decide what to do with them. It does this simply to illustrate
        the point that, by convention, the Executor or some Executor-like object "owns" the ZooKeeper connection, but it is free to delegate the events to other
        events to other objects. It also uses this as the default channel on which to fire watch events. (More on this later.)</p>
    <pre class="code">
        public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
            dm.process(event);
        }
    </pre>
    <p>The <strong>DataMonitorListener</strong> 
        interface, on the other hand, is not part of the the ZooKeeper API. It is a completely custom interface, 
        designed for this sample application. The DataMonitor object uses it to communicate back to its container, which
        is also the the Executor object.The DataMonitorListener interface looks like this:</p>
    <pre class="code">
    public interface DataMonitorListener {
        /**
        * The existence status of the node has changed.
        */
        void exists(byte data[]);
    
        /**
        * The ZooKeeper session is no longer valid.
        * 
        * @param rc
        * the ZooKeeper reason code
        */
        void closing(int rc);
    }
    </pre>
    <p>This interface is defined in the DataMonitor class and implemented in the Executor class. 
        When <span class="codefrag command">Executor.exists()</span> is invoked,
        the Executor decides whether to start up or shut down per the requirements. Recall that the requires say to kill the executable when the 
        znode ceases to <em>exist</em>. </p>
    <p>When <span class="codefrag command">Executor.closing()</span>
        is invoked, the Executor decides whether or not to shut itself down in response to the ZooKeeper connection permanently disappearing.</p>
    <p>As you might have guessed, DataMonitor is the object that invokes 
        these methods, in response to changes in ZooKeeper's state.</p>
    <p>Here are Executor's implementation of 
        <span class="codefrag command">DataMonitorListener.exists()</span> and <span class="codefrag command">DataMonitorListener.closing</span>:
        </p>
    <pre class="code">
    public void exists( byte[] data ) {
        if (data == null) {
            if (child != null) {
                System.out.println("Killing process");
                child.destroy();
                try {
                    child.waitFor();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                }
            }
            child = null;
        } else {
            if (child != null) {
                System.out.println("Stopping child");
                child.destroy();
                try {
                   child.waitFor();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            try {
                FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(filename);
                fos.write(data);
                fos.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            try {
                System.out.println("Starting child");
                child = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(exec);
                new StreamWriter(child.getInputStream(), System.out);
                new StreamWriter(child.getErrorStream(), System.err);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    
    public void closing(int rc) {
        synchronized (this) {
            notifyAll();
        }
    }
    </pre>
    </div>
    
    <a name="N100A0"></a><a name="sc_DataMonitor"></a>
    <h2 class="h3">The DataMonitor Class</h2>
    <div class="section">
    <p>
    The DataMonitor class has the meat of the ZooKeeper logic. It is mostly 
    asynchronous and event driven. DataMonitor kicks things off in the constructor with:</p>
    <pre class="code">
    public DataMonitor(ZooKeeper zk, String znode, Watcher chainedWatcher,
            DataMonitorListener listener) {
        this.zk = zk;
        this.znode = znode;
        this.chainedWatcher = chainedWatcher;
        this.listener = listener;
        
        // Get things started by checking if the node exists. We are going
        // to be completely event driven
        <strong>zk.exists(znode, true, this, null);</strong>
    }
    </pre>
    <p>The call to <span class="codefrag command">ZooKeeper.exists()</span> checks for the existence of the znode, 
    sets a watch, and passes a reference to itself (<span class="codefrag command">this</span>)
    as the completion callback object. In this sense, it kicks things off, since the
    real processing happens when the watch is triggered.</p>
    <div class="note">
    <div class="label">Note</div>
    <div class="content">
    
    <p>Don't confuse the completion callback with the watch callback. The <span class="codefrag command">ZooKeeper.exists()</span> 
    completion callback, which happens to be the method <span class="codefrag command">StatCallback.processResult()</span> implemented 
    in the DataMonitor object, is invoked when the asynchronous <em>setting of the watch</em> operation 
    (by <span class="codefrag command">ZooKeeper.exists()</span>) completes on the server. </p>
    
    <p>
    The triggering of the watch, on the other hand, sends an event to the <em>Executor</em> object, since
    the Executor registered as the Watcher of the ZooKeeper object.</p>
    
    
    <p>As an aside, you might note that the DataMonitor could also register itself as the Watcher
    for this particular watch event. This is new to ZooKeeper 3.0.0 (the support of multiple Watchers). In this
    example, however, DataMonitor does not register as the Watcher.</p>
    
    </div>
    </div>
    <p>When the <span class="codefrag command">ZooKeeper.exists()</span> operation completes on the server, the ZooKeeper API invokes this completion callback on 
    the client:</p>
    <pre class="code">
    public void processResult(int rc, String path, Object ctx, Stat stat) {
        boolean exists;
        switch (rc) {
        case Code.Ok:
            exists = true;
            break;
        case Code.NoNode:
            exists = false;
            break;
        case Code.SessionExpired:
        case Code.NoAuth:
            dead = true;
            listener.closing(rc);
            return;
        default:
            // Retry errors
            zk.exists(znode, true, this, null);
            return;
        }
     
        byte b[] = null;
        if (exists) {
            try {
                <strong>b = zk.getData(znode, false, null);</strong>
            } catch (KeeperException e) {
                // We don't need to worry about recovering now. The watch
                // callbacks will kick off any exception handling
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                return;
            }
        }     
        if ((b == null &amp;&amp; b != prevData)
                || (b != null &amp;&amp; !Arrays.equals(prevData, b))) {
            <strong>listener.exists(b);</strong>
            prevData = b;
        }
    }
    </pre>
    <p>
    The code first checks the error codes for znode existence, fatal errors, and 
    recoverable errors. If the file (or znode) exists, it gets the data from the znode, and 
    then invoke the exists() callback of Executor if the state has changed. Note, 
    it doesn't have to do any Exception processing for the getData call because it 
    has watches pending for anything that could cause an error: if the node is deleted 
    before it calls <span class="codefrag command">ZooKeeper.getData()</span>, the watch event set by 
    the <span class="codefrag command">ZooKeeper.exists()</span> triggers a callback; 
    if there is a communication error, a connection watch event fires when 
    the connection comes back up.
    </p>
    <p>Finally, notice how DataMonitor processes watch events: </p>
    <pre class="code">
        public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
            String path = event.getPath();
            if (event.getType() == Event.EventType.None) {
                // We are are being told that the state of the
                // connection has changed
                switch (event.getState()) {
                case SyncConnected:
                    // Everything is happy. Lets kick things off
                    // again by checking the existence of the znode
                    break;
                case Expired:
                    // It's all over
                    dead = true;
                    listener.closing(KeeperException.Code.SessionExpired);
                    break;
                }
            } else {
                if (path != null &amp;&amp; path.equals(znode)) {
                    // Something has changed on the node, let's find out
                    zk.exists(znode, true, this, null);
                }
            }
            if (chainedWatcher != null) {
                chainedWatcher.process(event);
            }
        }
    </pre>
    <p>
    If the client-side ZooKeeper libraries can reestablish the communication channel to ZooKeeper, DataMonitor simply kicks
    everything off again with the call to <span class="codefrag command">ZooKeeper.exists()</span>. 
    If it gets an event for a znode, it calls <span class="codefrag command">ZooKeeper.exists()</span> to find out what has changed.
    </p>
    </div>
    
    
    <a name="N10104"></a><a name="sc_completeSourceCode"></a>
    <h2 class="h3">Complete Source Listings</h2>
    <div class="section">
    <div class="note example">
    <div class="label">Executor.java</div>
    <div class="content">
    <title>Executor.java</title>
    <pre class="code">
    /**
     * A simple example program to use DataMonitor to start and
     * stop executables based on a znode. The program watches the
     * specified znode and saves the data that corresponds to the
     * znode in the filesystem. It also starts the specified program
     * with the specified arguments when the znode exists and kills
     * the program if the znode goes away.
     */
    import java.io.FileOutputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.io.OutputStream;
    
    import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
    import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
    import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
    import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
    
    public class Executor
        implements Watcher, Runnable, DataMonitor.DataMonitorListener
    {
        String znode;
    
        DataMonitor dm;
    
        ZooKeeper zk;
    
        String filename;
    
        String exec[];
    
        Process child;
    
        public Executor(String hostPort, String znode, String filename,
                String exec[]) throws KeeperException, IOException {
            this.filename = filename;
            this.exec = exec;
            zk = new ZooKeeper(hostPort, 3000, this);
            dm = new DataMonitor(zk, znode, null, this);
        }
    
        /**
         * @param args
         */
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            if (args.length &lt; 4) {
                System.err
                        .println("USAGE: Executor hostPort znode filename program [args ...]");
                System.exit(2);
            }
            String hostPort = args[0];
            String znode = args[1];
            String filename = args[2];
            String exec[] = new String[args.length - 3];
            System.arraycopy(args, 3, exec, 0, exec.length);
            try {
                new Executor(hostPort, znode, filename, exec).run();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    
        /***************************************************************************
         * We do process any events ourselves, we just need to forward them on.
         *
         * @see org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher#process(org.apache.zookeeper.proto.WatcherEvent)
         */
        public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
            dm.process(event);
        }
    
        public void run() {
            try {
                synchronized (this) {
                    while (!dm.dead) {
                        wait();
                    }
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            }
        }
    
        public void closing(int rc) {
            synchronized (this) {
                notifyAll();
            }
        }
    
        static class StreamWriter extends Thread {
            OutputStream os;
    
            InputStream is;
    
            StreamWriter(InputStream is, OutputStream os) {
                this.is = is;
                this.os = os;
                start();
            }
    
            public void run() {
                byte b[] = new byte[80];
                int rc;
                try {
                    while ((rc = is.read(b)) &gt; 0) {
                        os.write(b, 0, rc);
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                }
    
            }
        }
    
        public void exists(byte[] data) {
            if (data == null) {
                if (child != null) {
                    System.out.println("Killing process");
                    child.destroy();
                    try {
                        child.waitFor();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    }
                }
                child = null;
            } else {
                if (child != null) {
                    System.out.println("Stopping child");
                    child.destroy();
                    try {
                        child.waitFor();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                try {
                    FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(filename);
                    fos.write(data);
                    fos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                try {
                    System.out.println("Starting child");
                    child = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(exec);
                    new StreamWriter(child.getInputStream(), System.out);
                    new StreamWriter(child.getErrorStream(), System.err);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    </pre>
    	
    
    </div>
    </div>
    <div class="note example">
    <div class="label">DataMonitor.java</div>
    <div class="content">
    	
    <title>DataMonitor.java</title>
    	
    <pre class="code">
    /**
     * A simple class that monitors the data and existence of a ZooKeeper
     * node. It uses asynchronous ZooKeeper APIs.
     */
    import java.util.Arrays;
    
    import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
    import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
    import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
    import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
    import org.apache.zookeeper.AsyncCallback.StatCallback;
    import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException.Code;
    import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat;
    
    public class DataMonitor implements Watcher, StatCallback {
    
        ZooKeeper zk;
    
        String znode;
    
        Watcher chainedWatcher;
    
        boolean dead;
    
        DataMonitorListener listener;
    
        byte prevData[];
    
        public DataMonitor(ZooKeeper zk, String znode, Watcher chainedWatcher,
                DataMonitorListener listener) {
            this.zk = zk;
            this.znode = znode;
            this.chainedWatcher = chainedWatcher;
            this.listener = listener;
            // Get things started by checking if the node exists. We are going
            // to be completely event driven
            zk.exists(znode, true, this, null);
        }
    
        /**
         * Other classes use the DataMonitor by implementing this method
         */
        public interface DataMonitorListener {
            /**
             * The existence status of the node has changed.
             */
            void exists(byte data[]);
    
            /**
             * The ZooKeeper session is no longer valid.
             *
             * @param rc
             *                the ZooKeeper reason code
             */
            void closing(int rc);
        }
    
        public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
            String path = event.getPath();
            if (event.getType() == Event.EventType.None) {
                // We are are being told that the state of the
                // connection has changed
                switch (event.getState()) {
                case SyncConnected:
                    // Everything is happy. Lets kick things off
                    // again by checking the existence of the znode
                    break;
                case Expired:
                    // It's all over
                    dead = true;
                    listener.closing(KeeperException.Code.SessionExpired);
                    break;
                }
            } else {
                if (path != null &amp;&amp; path.equals(znode)) {
                    // Something has changed on the node, let's find out
                    zk.exists(znode, true, this, null);
                }
            }
            if (chainedWatcher != null) {
                chainedWatcher.process(event);
            }
        }
    
        public void processResult(int rc, String path, Object ctx, Stat stat) {
            boolean exists;
            switch (rc) {
            case Code.Ok:
                exists = true;
                break;
            case Code.NoNode:
                exists = false;
                break;
            case Code.SessionExpired:
            case Code.NoAuth:
                dead = true;
                listener.closing(rc);
                return;
            default:
                // Retry errors
                zk.exists(znode, true, this, null);
                return;
            }
    
            byte b[] = null;
            if (exists) {
                try {
                    b = zk.getData(znode, false, null);
                } catch (KeeperException e) {
                    // We don't need to worry about recovering now. The watch
                    // callbacks will kick off any exception handling
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    return;
                }
            }
            if ((b == null &amp;&amp; b != prevData)
                    || (b != null &amp;&amp; !Arrays.equals(prevData, b))) {
                listener.exists(b);
                prevData = b;
            }
        }
    }
    </pre>
    
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